Computer Science

Ø   What are the database system’s main components? ·          Hardware -all of the system’s physical devices ·          Software - operating system software, DBMS software, and application programs and utilities ·          People – System administrator, database administrator, Programmers, End user, database designer ·          Procedures - the instructions and rules that govern the design and use of the database system ·          Data - The word data covers the collection of facts stored in the database. Ø   The main functions of a database management system (DBMS) o    Data dictionary management - The DBMS stores definitions of the data elements and their relationships (metadata) in a data dictionary. It provides data abstraction, and it r...

Ø   The importance of database design Database design refers to the activities that focus on the design of the database structure that will be used to store and manage end-user data . A well-designed database facilitates data management and generates accurate and valuable information. See the limitations on file system data management. Then you will realize the importance of database system data management. The limitations of file system data management: ·          It requires extensive programming. ·          It cannot perform ad hoc queries. ·          System administration can be complex and difficult. ·          It is difficult to make changes to existing structures. ·          Security features are likely to be inadequate. Those limitations, in turn, lead ...

Types of Databases Databases can be classified according to the number of users, o    Single user database - A single-user database that runs on a personal computer is called a desktop database o    Multi user database ·          Workgroup database - the multiuser database supports a relatively small number of users (usually fewer than 50) or a specific department within an organization ·          Enterprise database Databases can be classified according to the database location(s), o    Centralized database - a database that supports data located at a single Site. o    Distributed database – a database that supports data distributed across several different sites The most popular way of classifying databases today, however, is based on how they will be used and on the time sensitivity of the information gathered from them. o    operati...

Ø   The difference between data and information ·          Data Data are raw facts. The word raw indicates that the facts have not yet been processed to reveal their meaning Example: surveying users to assess the computer lab’s performance. Make a web survey form that enables users to respond to your questions. When the survey form has been completed, the form’s raw data are saved to a data repository. Although you now have the facts in hand, they are not particularly useful in this format Therefore, you can transform the raw data into a data summary format or graph format. It can quickly extract the meaning of raw data ·          Information Information is the result of processing raw data to reveal its meaning. In this “information age,” production of accurate, relevant, and timely information is the key to good decision making. In turn, good decision making is the ke...

Data Representation What is a bit? A bit is a binary digit.The smallest increment of  data on a machine. A bit can hold only one of two values: 0 or 1. What is a Byte? Byte is an abbreviation for binary term. A single byte is composed of 8 consecutive bits capable of storing a single character. Storage Hierarchy Numbering System  Decimal System         Alphabet = {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9} Octal System        Alphabet = {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,} Hexadecimal System         Alphabet = {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F} Binary System         Alphabet = {0,1}

What is a Computer System Computer System is an inter related set of components which works together to achieve a specific tasks of data processing. It process textual data, numeric data, graphical (visual) data & signals History of Computer Systems The history of computer system dated back to the 17 th century. The term computer was not used then. First man made computing device is found among the Chinese which is called ABACUS. The ABACUS was initially used for arithmetic tasks. Around 19th century Charles Babbage conceptualized and invented the first mechanical computer. He called it “Analytical Engine”. Computer Classification 

Implementation of Queue using doubly linked lists in python click